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| c. 530 BC |
| | | The Greek colonists of Paestum, in southern Italy, build the first of their three superb temples | |
|  | Paestum, Basilica
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| c. 529 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Pythagoras establishes himself, along with his followers, in southern Italy | |
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| 528 BC |
| | | The Phoenician cities, liberated from Babylonian rule, willingly accept inclusion in the Persian empire | |
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| 525 BC |
| | | The Persians defeat an Egyptian army at Pelusium and then capture Memphis | |
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| 522 BC |
| | | Darius I wins the Persian throne and ushers in the heyday of the Achaemenid empire | |
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| 518 BC |
| | | Darius starts to build a spectacular new palace and capital at Persepolis | |
|  | Persepolis, relief of guards
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| c. 515 BC |
| | | The Persian emperor Darius I constructs a canal linking the Nile to the Red Sea | |
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| 513 BC |
| | | The Chinese become the first people to cast iron, after developing a furnace which can reach a very high temperature | |
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| 510 BC |
| | | The Athenian ruler Hippias is toppled by the nobles of Attica, with the help of Sparta | |
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| c. 510 BC |
| | | Hecateus, a geographer in Miletus, produces a map showing the Greek idea of the known world | |
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